这是第一课：
Lesson one
Lesson one, Rome wasn't built in a day
Part one reading:
English is an international language, therefore, it is necessary for us to learn it. It can be rewarding or just a waste of time, it's up to you. It depends on how you study it. Here are some tips about learning English.
First, don't be afraid to make mistakes. You will learn from them.
Second, you must not be shy. Be thick-skinned and speak up.
Finally, you must be patient. Remember, Rome wasn't built in a day.
P: Why is "Rome wasn't built in a day?", Bruce, please tell us.
B: Well, "Rome" does not refer to the city of Rome only, it refers to the Roman Empire. That is, the great country that Rome built more than two thousand years ago. It was a great empire, and of course, you cannot build anything good or great in just a short time.
发生在2000多年前的
P: Now I have this question, in what situation we will use this expression? -Rome wasn't built in a day? Please give us an example.
B: Well, let's say that your friend wants to learn how to do something, like typing, or swimming, and at first, your friend feels a little discouraged because it's not easy to learn a new skill. But you tell him, hey, come on, Rome wasn't built in a day. We want to encourage our friends with this saying.
P: 通常用来鼓励我们朋友的，假如朋友正在练习打字啦，所谓的typing，
Your friend is learning how to type. type也就是打字。或者是游泳swim ……
discouraged也就是泄气。
We can encourage our friends with this saying.
saying就是谚语。
English is an international language,
P: What does this mean?
B: Well, we say that English is an international language, because English's spoken around the world. Of course there're more speakers of Mandarin than of English, but English is spoken by more people in more countries then Mandarin is. So when you travel or do business, or study overseas, you can always find English speakers and English TV programs and English newspapers.
In other words, English is a universal language.
universal 就是环球性的。
Yeah.
English is a universal language, that's why we should learn it.
Mandarin, 普通话。capital M
We can say Bruce speaks beautiful Mandarin.
therefore, it is necessary for us to learn it.
it is important for us to learn it, 第二个it 指的是前面的English。第一个it叫虚主语,是用来代替后面的真正的主语"for us to learn it",
It can be rewarding or just a waste of time,
（这里的it, 是代词，表示learning English.
be rewarding, 有所回报的，值得做的， or just a waste of time, just=only
Your stay here is only a waste of time.
Exercise is very rewarding for our health.
It pays to exercise. 这样说也一样的意思。
It is rewarding to exercise.
it's up to you. (要看你了，有你来决定
怎样使用“it's up to you", 请不大哥告诉我们。
Well, if Peter asks me, do you want to go to a restaurant first or see a movie first tonight? I might say, it's up to you. 随便你了。
But I know the true answer. He enjoys eating more than anything. Let's go to the restaurant first.
In our studio, we have very small studio over here, and we have only two people here, that's Bruce and me, but Bruce is much too big, we have little room left here.
It depends on how you study it.
If you learn English by fits and starts, you'll get nowhere.
by fits and starts, 三心二意地，fit 一阵冲动
My brother studied accounting by fits and starts, so he failed.
accounting, 会计。
Here are some tips about learning English..接下来有些秘诀或者说是方法tips，有关学英语的。
后面这个about可以用on来代替。
Here are some tips on learning English.
不过我们在谈这个句子的结构之前，先谈一下发音。咱们许多中国人把这个on念成“昂恩”，这是不对的，如果是ong 才能念成“昂恩”,应该念成“安恩”，有点像“安全”的“安”。
P: If you give me a tip, I'll give you some tips on how to learn English
B: 两个tip，太聪明。 这里第一个tip是“小费”的意思，
If you are in the restaurant, and you leave a little money for the waiter ,we say that's a "tip"
but then Peter said ,I'll give you some tips about learning English. 这个tip建议，some advice about learning English.
Peter:既然谈到advice,这个词好。这个词是不可数名词，He give me some advice on learning English.不可以说advices.这是不对的。但是，tip是可数的, 可以说a tip, two tips. 但是tip也可以当“小费”的意思。
tip也可以作动词用。我们可以这样说：
Mr. Bruce, back now, before leaving , don't forget to tip me.可别忘了给我小费。
当然，这句话在实际生活中是不可以说的，不好意思。
给出建议，to tip somebody on something就哪方面给一些建议
He tipped me on how to learn English.
tip, tipped, tipped,
好了，接下来
First, don't be afraid to make mistakes. You will learn from them.
这句话也可以这么说：First, don't be afraid of making mistake. 都是一样的
I'm afraid to talk to him=I'm afraid of talking to him
This is a good piece of advice.
Bruce: while you have to speak or write a language to really learn it, if you make a mistake while speaking ,usually the listener will understand you anyway, because usually your mistake is just a grammar mistake, or maybe a vocabulary mistake ,but usually we understand you, but if we don't understand you ,we'll ask, ho ,what do you mean. and then you can try again.
Only by making mistakes can we learn something.
就等于You'll learn something from them, form the mistakes that you make.
接着我们看：
Second, you must not be shy. Be thick-skinned and speak up.
shy,害羞
Children are often shy around strangers.
Well, this is often the case, but there is some situation, in which adults are shy. For example, each time Bruce is with me, he is shy. ho
Bruce: That's not shy, Peter, that's embarrassed. ha.
Peter:他这句话有个含义，Peter, you stink.
stink是不及物动词，发出臭味
好，接下来
Be thick-skinned and speak up.
这是be动词后面放形容词，做主语补足语，而这个主语省略掉了。原来是：You should be……，这个You should省略掉了。
大声说，不要怕什么南腔北调。
Finally, you must be patient. Remember, Rome wasn't built in a day.
(patient, 这里是“耐心的”的意思，be patient with somebody, 可不是“病人”的意思。虽然是同一个字。
A good teacher like Peter must be patient with his students.
1, It depends on how you study it.
It depends on when you do it.
It depends on where you go.
2, Don't be afraid to make mistakes.
Don't be afraid to ask questions.
Don't be afraid to speak up.
*********************************************8
本课要点，
1, English is an international language.
2, Rome wasn't built in a day.
3, tip的用法。这个字非常常用，在报纸上也经常看到，通常表示“建议”。
4，it's up to you.
5, it depends on...
6, by fits and starts,
_______________wjshhz根据Pan的听写材料补充写于2004. 2.19
